Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Amr Aboelfetouh
Alexandria Fever Hospital, Egypt
Keynote: Prevalence of infective and non-infective hepatitis in a tertiary fever hospital: Alexandria governorate
Biography:
Amr Aboelfetouh, MD.Head of GIT center & liver investigation center at Alexandria Fever Hospital
Abstract:
Background:Estimates the different etiological varieties of hepatitis, helps to set priorities when deciding policies of investigations and management.
Objective:To estimate prevalence ofinfective and non-infective causes of hepatitis with or withoutjaundice inAlexandria Fever Hospital AFH.
Methods:A hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted atAFH, a tertiary hospital in Alexandria governorate.TheLiver Investigations unit (LIU), was responsible for setting the protocol of investigations and management.
Results:The most common causes were autoimmune hepatitis (25.2%) followed by cryptogenic (14.4%). Most patients with toxic hepatitis (Drug induced) (81.8%), autoimmune hepatitis (72.4%),acute HCV (66.7%) were femaleswhile most cases with leptospirosis (85.7%),heamochromatosis (83.3%),Bilharziasis (75%) were males.
Conclusion:In acute hepatitis patients, autoimmune hepatitis was the most common cause followed by toxic hepatitis. In chronic hepatitis patients, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)was the most common cause followed bymetabolic causes.
Keynote Forum
Vikas Leelavati Balasaheb Jadhav
Dr.D.Y.Patil University, India
Keynote: TransAbdominal Sonography of the Stomach & Duodenum
Time : 09:45- 10:30
Biography:
Dr.Vikas Leelavati BalaSaheb Jadhav has completed PostGraduation in Radiology in 1994. He has a 23 Years of experience in the field of Gastro-Intestinal Tract Ultrasound & Diagnostic as well Therapeutic Interventional Sonography. He is the Pioneer of Gastro-Intestinal Tract Sonography, especially Gastro-Duodenal Sonography. He has delivered many Guest Lectures in Indian as well International Conferences in nearly 27 countries as an Invited Guest Faculty, since March 2000. He is a Consultant Radiologist & the Specialist in Conventional as well Unconventional Gastro-Intestinal Tract Ultrasound & Diagnostic as well Therapeutic Interventional Sonologist in Pune, India.
Abstract:
TransAbdominal Sonography of the Stomach & Duodenum can reveal following diseases. Gastritis & Duodenitis. Acid Gastritis. An Ulcer, whether it is superficial, deep with risk of impending perforation, Perforated, Sealed perforation, Chronic Ulcer & Post-Healing fibrosis & stricture. Polyps & Diverticulum. Benign intra-mural tumours. Intra-mural haematoma. Duodenal outlet obstruction due to Annular Pancreas. Gastro-Duodenal Ascariasis. Pancreatic or Biliary Stents. Foreign Body. Necrotizing Gastro-Duodenitis. Tuberculosis. Lesions of Ampulla of Vater like prolapsed, benign & infiltrating mass lesions. Neoplastic lesion is usually a segment involvement, & shows irregularly thickened, hypoechoic & aperistaltic wall with loss of normal layering pattern. It is usually a solitary stricture & has eccentric irregular luminal narrowing. It shows loss of normal Gut Signature. Enlargement of the involved segment seen. Shouldering effect at the ends of stricture is most common feature. Enlarged lymphnodes around may be seen. Primary arising from wall itself & secondary are invasion from peri-Ampullary malignancy or distant metastasis. All these cases are compared & proved with gold standards like surgery & endoscopy.
Some extra efforts taken during all routine or emergent ultrasonography examinations can be an effective non-invasive method to diagnose primarily hitherto unsuspected benign & malignant Gastro-Intestinal Tract lesions, so should be the investigation of choice.
- Gastrointestinal Disorder | Irritable Bowel Syndrome | Liver Cirrhosis | Medications and Gastrointestinal Diseases
Location: Auckland, New Zealand
Chair
Lynnette Ferguson
University of Auckland, New Zealand
Co-Chair
Bruce D. Given
Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, USA
Session Introduction
Ali Mahzari,
RMIT University, Australia
Title: The therapeutic effects of matrine for MCD-induced NASH are associated with upregulation of HSP72 and suppression of mTOR
Biography:
Ali received the Bachelor of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences from King Saud University in Riyadh, KSA in 2005, and the Master of Laboratory Medicine from RMIT University in 2010, a master research in the Cytogenetic and Molecular Cytogenetic Laboratories of the Murdoch Children Research Institute in Melbourne.
He worked as medical technologist 1 in biochemistry lab in King Fahad Medical City 2006-2008 and 2011. His work involved the testing of quality control of the automated machines, analyzing and reporting blood samples for general biochemistry tests.
He is currently a PhD at RMIT University, and A lecturer in the Laboratory Medicine Department at Al-Baha University.
Ali currently research is study the evaluation of effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicine in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver-related disease. The common research topics include Molecular Biology, Metabolic Syndrome and Liver Diseases.
Abstract:
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced stage of the metabolic syndrome in liver with serious consequences largely because of hepatic injury, inflammation and fibrosis. Matrine (MW: 248) is used as a prescribed hepatoprotective drug in humans and it has been shown by us to decrease hepatosteatosis and glucose intolerance in high fat-fed mice (Bri J Pharmacol 172:4303,2015). Here, we investigated whether matrine exerts therapeutic efficacy for NASH by attenuating hepatic injury, inflammation and fibrosis. The study was performed in methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice for 6 weeks with or without the treatment with matrine (100 mg/kg/d). Compared with untreated MCD-fed mice, matrine markedly reduced hepatic injury (indicated by ALT level, p<0.05), inflammation (indicated by TNFα, CD68 and inflammasome NLRP3, all p<0.05). Along with these effects, matrine inhibited MCD-induced increases in fibrogenesis (as indicated by the expression levels of TGFβ, Smad3 and type I collagen (all p<0.05). Further examination revealed that matrine resecured MCD-suppressed heat shock protein 72 (HSP72, a protective chaperon protein against cell toxicity) and inhibited MCD-activated mTOR (a key master regulator triggering pathogenic pathways leading to NASH). Our findings indicate that matrine attenuated MCD-induced NASH by a new mechanism involving the upregulation of HSP72 and inhibition of mTOR. This hepatoprotective drug may be repurposed for the treatment of NASH.
Karen Frost
The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
Title: Novel Therapies in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Biography:
Karen Frost completed her Masters of Science in Nursing, with specialty in Acute Care Nurse Practitioner at the University of Toronto, Ontario Canada. She also serves as an adjunct lecturer in the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Toronto. Currently, she is the IBD Centre Nurse Practitioner at the Hospital for Sick Children. She is also the co founder of the national Canadian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Group. To date, she has collaborated on research endeavors nationally and internationally with gastroenterologists with interest in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Abstract:
The incidence and prevalence of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) continue to rise. It is expected that earlier diagnosis lends to better treatment and outcome of disease. Nearly 1 in 4 patients are diagnosed at the age of under 20 years old . There are two main tiers of IBD: Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis. The exact cause is still unknown, however genetics and the environment do play a role. There is currently no cure for IBD, but patients are usually managed with treatment.
Treatments can be approached in a step-up or top down algorithm. In the past, patients required steroids to achieve remission, or surgery was more imminent if lack of response was determined. At the present time, with more novel therapies in IBD, patients are able to achieve remission at a sooner time, thereby avoiding surgery. To date, there are therapies that include 5ASA, immunomodulators and biologic therapies.
Biologic therapies are still seen as novel in pediatrics. The role of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) play a huge role in the current IBD treatment paradigm. The focus of this topic will review pediatric armamentarium of mAbs such as Anti TNF, Anti ILs and gut selective mAbs, looking at it’s targeted mechanism, the dosing recommendation, safety data and current practice.
Mitsuhiro Watanabe,
Keio University, Japan Poster
Title: Bile acid signaling, obesity and the metabolic syndrome
Biography:
Professor, Director of Health Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan
Abstract:
Bile acids (BAs), a group of structurally diverse molecules that are primarily synthesized in the liver from cholesterol, are the chief components of bile. Recent studies have revealed that BAs are not only facilitators of cholesterol homeostasis and dietary lipid absorption but also important signaling molecules exerting multiple physiological functions. Three major signaling pathways, including the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, the nuclear hormone receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) mediated pathways and the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5/M-BAR mediated pathways, have been identified to be the targets of BAs. Through activation of these diverse signaling pathways, BAs can regulate their own enterohepatic circulation, but also triglyceride, energy, and glucose homeostasis. Latest studies revealed interaction between gut microbiota and bile acids are important to control diseases. Thus, BA-controlled signaling pathways are promising novel drug targets to treat common metabolic diseases, such as obesity, NAFLD, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. (Up to 250 words)