Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Lynnette Ferguson
University of AucklandSchool of Medicine, Auckland,NewZealand
Keynote: Why would nutrigenomics be of value in studies of Inflammatory bowel diseases
Time : 09:00-09:45
Biography:
Lynnette completed her Doctor of Philiosophy studying at Oxford University.She returned to Auckland, New Zealand, to take on a Post-doctoral position. She initially worked solely as a member of the Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, but in the year 2000 took on a half time position as Professor and head of the Department of Nutrition.. This chance of focus provided the opportunity to work with other diseases, and and interest in Inflamatory bowel disease led to her becoming head of a collaborative programme called Nutrigenomics New Zealand which ran between 2004-2014. She has published more than 300 papers in reputed journals and book chapters.
Abstract:
Inflammatory bowel diseases has traditionally been considered to consist of two different forms, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. A genetic component was recognised for many years, with early studies prior to the year 2000, suggesting between 4-8 genes as being causal. However, it is largely through substantial international progress in methods for genotyping, and also the formation of large international consortia, espcially the International IBD genetics consortium, that has progressed the science to show to show significantly more than 100 genes, that determine the dietary requirements and the dietary intolerances. It seems highly likely that it should be classed as three rather than two diseases, and genetics may be an important feature in determining treatment protocols.
Keynote Forum
Bruce D Given,
Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, USA
Keynote: Hepatitis B in focus: New biology, new targets and real hope for finite therapy
Time : 09:45-10:30
Biography:
Dr. Given has served as COO of Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals since 2011. Dr. Given retired as Chairman of the Board for ICON, plc in 2013. He was with Johnson & Johnson for 9 years, with assignments including President, International, Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics and Head of U.S. Marketing & Sales and Research & Development for Janssen Pharmaceutica. Dr. Given received his M.D. with honors from the University of Chicago, completed his medical training at University of Chicago and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, where he was Clinical Fellow at Harvard Medical School, and was on the medical faculty at University of Chicago.
Abstract:
Drug development work in chronic Hepatits B (CHB) has been largely stagnant for the last decade or more. While solid epidemiology work has demonstrated that seroclearance of HbsAg (functional cure) is associated with greatly reduced risk of cirrhosis or HCC, neither interferon therapy nor long-term nucleos(t)ide therapy are associated with meaningful rates of functional cure. With the recent successes achieved in curative treatment of Hepatitis C, the field has returned to curative efforts in CHB and there has been an explosion of pre-clinical drug development against novel targets. As part of this process, new insights have been gained regarding the biology of CHB. This talk will focus on how these new biological insights are translating into new drug discovery efforts, how these new drug classes are performing in the clinic, and the expected role for combining these drugs to achieve meaningful rates of functional cure with finite therapy.
Keynote Forum
Jay-lin Jane
Iowa State University, USA Panel
Keynote: Resistant Starch: Structure, properties, processing, and health benefits
Time : 10:45-11:30
Biography:
Jay-Lin Jane is a Charles F Curtiss Distinguished Professor, Emeritus in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University. She has received her Bachelor’s degree from National Chung-Hsing University in Taiwan, Master’s degree from Texas Woman’s University and PhD degree from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at Iowa State University. Her primary research interests are in starch structures, properties, applications, effects of resistant starch on health and biopolymers. She has published 215 referred publications and 10 patents with 10,000 citations and an h-index 53. She has received numerous awards, including the Alsberg-French-Schoch Award, the highest award for starch research, and a Fellow Award from the American Association of Cereal Chemists, International, the Merit of Science Award from the Japanese Applied Glyco-science Association and the Distinguished Faculty Award from Iowa State University.
Abstract:
Type-2 diabetes and related health problems, including obesity are results of over consumption of sugar and rapidly digestible starch. After ingesting foods of high-glycemic index, such as breakfast cereal and bread, the blood glucose level of the individual increases quickly and reaches a peak in 30 min, resulting in a hyper-glycemic state. Insulin secreted with the increase in the blood glucose level triggers the absorption of glucose from the blood stream and causes a hypo-glycemic response, repeating of these processes results in insulin resistance and the type-2 diabetes. Methods to prevent the type-2 diabetes are to reduce the intake of rapidly digestible carbohydrates, replace rapidly digestible starch with resistant and slowly digestible starch and increase vegetable and dietary fiber portion in the diet. There are five types of resistant starch, i.e. physically inaccessible starch, the B-type crystalline starch, retrograded amylose, chemically modified starch and the amylose-lipid complex. This presentation includes structures and properties of different types of resistant starch, approaches available to facilitate the formation and increase the contents of resistant and slowly digestible starch by selecting ingredients and proper cooking methods and effects of ingesting resistant starch on levels of blood glucose and insulin secretion comparing with the normal starch as control. Different types of resistant starch have also shown characteristic impacts to microbiota developments in the gut and influence animal behavior. Resistant and slowly digestible starch has demonstrated health benefits. Therefore, it is important to select healthy starchy foods and proper processing methods to preserve and increase resistant starch contents in the diet.
- Medications and Gastrointestinal diseases | Irritable Bowel Syndrome | Gallbladder Agenesis | Gallstone Pancreatitis
Location: Auckland, New Zealand
Chair
Lynnette Ferguson
University of Auckland, New Zealand
Co-Chair
Bruce D. Given
Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, USA
Session Introduction
Vikas B Jadhav
D.Y.Patil University, India
Title: TransAbdominal Sonography of the Small & Large Intestines
Biography:
Dr.Vikas Leelavati BalaSaheb Jadhav has completed PostGraduation in Radiology in 1994. He has a 23 Years of experience in the field of Gastro-Intestinal Tract Ultrasound & Diagnostic as well Therapeutic Interventional Sonography. He is the Pioneer of Gastro-Intestinal Tract Sonography, especially Gastro-Duodenal Sonography. He has delivered many Guest Lectures in Indian as well International Conferences in nearly 27 countries as an Invited Guest Faculty, since March 2000. He is a Consultant Radiologist & the Specialist in Conventional as well Unconventional Gastro-Intestinal Tract Ultrasound & Diagnostic as well Therapeutic Interventional Sonologist in Pune, India.
Abstract:
TransAbdominal Sonography of the Small & Large Intestines can reveal following diseases. Bacterial & Viral Entero-Colitis. An Ulcer, whether it is superficial, deep with risk of impending perforation, Perforated, Sealed perforation, Chronic Ulcer & Post-Healing fibrosis & stricture. Polyps & Diverticulum. Benign intra-mural tumours. Intra-mural haematoma. Intestinal Ascariasis. Foreign Body. Necrotizing Entero-Colitis. Tuberculosis. Intussusception. Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Cronhs Disease. Complications of an Inflammatory Bowel Disease – Perforation, Stricture. Neoplastic lesion is usually a segment involvement, & shows irregularly thickened, hypoechoic & aperistaltic wall with loss of normal layering pattern. It is usually a solitary stricture & has eccentric irregular luminal narrowing. It shows loss of normal Gut Signature. Enlargement of the involved segment seen. Shouldering effect at the ends of stricture is most common feature. Primary arising from wall itself & secondary are invasion from adjacent malignancy or distant metastasis. All these cases are compared & proved with gold standards like surgery & endoscopy.
Some extra efforts taken during all routine or emergent ultrasonography examinations can be an effective non-invasive method to diagnose primarily hitherto unsuspected benign & malignant Gastro-Intestinal Tract lesions, so should be the investigation of choice.
Céline Tiffon
University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
Title: Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Restores Expression of Hypoxia-inducible Protein NDRG1 in Pancreatic Cancer
Biography:
Céline Tiffon has completed her PhD in Tumor Biology from the University of Bern in 2007 and postdoctoral studies from the United Kingdom and France where she has been working since 2010.
Abstract:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the most common subtype of human pancreatic cancer, affects both men and women and is highly aggressive, with a five-year survival rate of only about 5%. N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a hypoxia-inducible and differentiation-related protein and candidate biomarker in pancreatic cancer. As NDRG1 expression is lost in high-grade tumors, the effects of the differentiating histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) were examined in human pancreatic cancer cell lines representing different tumor grades. Panc-1 (poorly differentiated) and Capan-1 (moderately- to well-differentiated) cells were treated with TSA. Effects were assessed in vitro by microscopic analysis, colorimetric assays, cell counts, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. Treatment of Panc-1 cells over four days with 0.5 µM TSA restored cellular differentiation, inhibited proliferation, and enhanced p21Cip1 protein expression. TSA upregulated NDRG1 mRNA and protein levels under normoxia from day one and by six-fold by day four (p<0.01 at all time points). After 24 h under hypoxia, NDRG1 expression was further increased in differentiated cells (p<0.01). Favorable changes were identified in the expression of other hypoxia-regulated genes. HDAC inhibitors offer a potential novel epi-drug approach for pancreatic cancer by reversing the undifferentiated phenotype and allowing patients to overcome resistance and better respond to conventional cytotoxic treatments. Restoration of NDRG1 expression may represent a biomarker of malignant pancreatic tumors undergoing re-differentiation and redirecting toward a lower tumor grade. The use of the human ductal Panc-1 cell line treated with TSA represents a useful tool to study cellular differentiation through epigenetic mechanisms.
Yerimova N.Zh
National Scientific Center of Surgery, Republic of Kazakhstan
Title: Our Experience Of Prevention And Treatment Of Cytomegalovirus Infection In Children After Transplantation Of The Liver
Biography:
Gastroenterologist of Syzganov’s National Scientific Center of Surgery, 2012-2016 – Pediatrician of Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Children’s Surgery. Research interest includes Gastroenterology, children liver transplantation and general pediatrics, scientific research, stem cell.
Abstract:
Goal. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the prevention of the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation in children under 1 year of age with biliary atresia.
Material and methods. Since March 2016g. 18 liver transplants from a living related donor in children were performed. The age of the patients ranged from 7 months to 8 years. Of these, 15 (83.3%) patients with biliary atresia. The number of girls is 10 (66.7%) and boys 5 (33.3%). At the time of diagnosis, most of the children registered a formed cirrhosis of the liver.
Results and discussion. All recipients with positive quantitative parameters of PCR received CMV-specific immunoglobulin 3-5 months before the operation. The left lateral sector was transplanted to 15 patients with biliary atresia from CMV of the seropositive related lifelong donor (D+/R+) 13 donors and from CMV 1 seronegative donor (D-/R +), 1 to the simultaneous transplantation (liver and kidney) 2 patients with cirrhosis of the liver in the outcome of autoimmune hepatitis. In all children, biliary atresia was combined with a cytomegalovirus infection, 7 of them with an active form. The observation period is from 14 days after the operation to 2 years.
After the operation, a three-component immunosuppressive therapy was performed (prednisolone, Sellsept, Tacrolimus). Activation was noted in 2 patients with inactive form of CMV. In 2 children, neurologic symptoms developed - 1 with active form of CMV and in 1 child it was associated with a toxic effect of immunosuppressive therapy (tacrolimus), which was managed by conservative methods of treatment. All children with cytomegalovirus infection received antiviral therapy with valganciclovir at a rate of 18 mg/kg for 1 month, against which the virus load in children with an active CMV phase was reduced. Six months after the operation, in all children, the quality of PCR for CMV was negative. At 9 months after liver transplantation, 1 patient with an inactive form of CMV had an increase in viral load
Conclusions. Thus, our experience once again confirms the role of cytomegalovirus infection in the development of biliary atresia with the formation of liver cirrhosis and requires adequate follow-up after liver transplantation.
Bruce D. Given
Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, USA Speaker
Title: Hepatitis B in focus: new biology, new targets and real hope for finite therapy
Biography:
Dr. Given has served as COO of Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals since 2011. Dr. Given retired as Chairman of the Board for ICON, plc in 2013. He was with Johnson & Johnson for 9 years, with assignments including President, International, Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics and Head of U.S. Marketing & Sales and Research & Development for Janssen Pharmaceutica. Dr. Given received his M.D. with honors from the University of Chicago, completed his medical training at University of Chicago and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, where he was Clinical Fellow at Harvard Medical School, and was on the medical faculty at University of Chicago.
Abstract:
Drug development work in chronic Hepatits B (CHB) has been largely stagnant for the last decade or more. While solid epidemiology work has demonstrated that seroclearance of HbsAg (functional cure) is associated with greatly reduced risk of cirrhosis or HCC, neither interferon therapy nor long-term nucleos(t)ide therapy are associated with meaningful rates of functional cure. With the recent successes achieved in curative treatment of Hepatitis C, the field has returned to curative efforts in CHB and there has been an explosion of pre-clinical drug development against novel targets. As part of this process, new insights have been gained regarding the biology of CHB. This talk will focus on how these new biological insights are translating into new drug discovery efforts, how these new drug classes are performing in the clinic, and the expected role for combining these drugs to achieve meaningful rates of functional cure with finite therapy.