19^th World Gastroenterologists Summit October 14-15, 2019 Sydney, Australia

Pediatric gastroenterologists treat children from the new born period through the teen years. They choose pediatric care the core of their medical practice, which provides extensive experience specially in the care of infants, children, and teens. Pediatric gastroenterologists provide treatment for the following conditions.

Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, Lactose intolerance, Food allergies or intolerances, Severe or complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease (reflux or GERD), Inflammatory bowel disease, bowel syndrome, Liver ailments, Acute or chronic abdominal pain, Vomiting, Chronic constipation, Chronic or severe diarrhea.

Gastrointestinal disorders refer to diseases in the gastrointestinal tract, namely the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum, and the accessory organs of digestion, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. A functional disorder or disease occurs when the abnormality in the body works. Globus - a sensation of a lump, something stuck, or a tightness in the throat, Functional heartburn - persistent burning sensation in the absence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a motility disorder, or a structural explanation, Functional dysphagia - the sensation of difficulty swallowing, Reflux hypersensitivity, Functional dyspepsia - pain or discomfort located in the upper abdomen, Belching disorders, Nausea and vomiting, Rumination syndrome,  inflammatory bowel syndrome, Infant rumination syndrome, constipation.    

Gastrointestinal (GI) disease also represents during pregnancy. Some women have GI disorders that are unique to pregnancy. Other pregnant patients present with chronic GI disorders that require special care during pregnancy. Understanding the prevalence of various GI disorders is necessary to optimize care for these patients. Nausea, with or without vomiting, is common in early pregnancy, Other causes of nausea in pregnancy include urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis, peptic ulcer disease, pancreatitis, biliary tract disease, hepatitis, appendicitis, adrenal insufficiency, and increased intracranial pressure. In later pregnancy, considerations also include hydramnios, preeclampsia, and onset of labor.

Gastrointestinal oncology refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory organs of digestion, including the oesophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small and large intestine, rectum and anus. The symptoms relate to the organ affected and can include obstruction which leads to difficulty swallowing or defecating, abnormal bleeding. The treatment requires endoscopy, followed by biopsy of suspicious tissue. The treatment depends on the location of the tumor, as well as the type of cancer cell and whether it has invaded other tissues or spread elsewhere. These factors also determine the prognosis.

Gastrointestinal surgery, also referred to as upper GI surgery, which refers to a practise of surgery that mainly focuses on the upper parts of the alimentary tract. A pancreaticoduodenectomy or Kausch-Whipple procedure is a major surgical operation which involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, the duodenum, the proximal jejunum, gallbladder, and part of the stomach. This surgery is mostly performed to remove cancerous tumours of the head of the pancreas and other related organs (Ampulla of Vater, duodenum or bile duct). Hepatectomy is the surgical resection complete or a part of the liver.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), often reffered to as malignant hepatoma. It is the most common type of hepato cancer. Most cases of hepato cancer are as a result of either a viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C), metabolic toxins such as alcohol or aflatoxin, conditions like hemochromatosis. Treatment options for HCC and prognosis are dependent on many factors but especially on tumor size, staging, and extent of hepatic injury. High-grade tumors will have a poor prognosis, while low-grade tumors may unnoticed for many years.

Gastrointestinal radiology has expanded its scope beyond conventional abdominal radiography, barium studies, and cholecystography. Ultrasonography allows imaging of abdominal organs and the intestine without the use of radiation. Tomography now allows comprehensive assessment of abdominal and pelvic inflammatory and infectious processes, obstruction, tumor detection and staging, and display of vasculature and blunt trauma effects that were not possible 50 years ago.  Barium enema with air contrast may be used to examining the colon to assess symptoms, including: a recent change in bowel habits, abdominal pain or rectal bleeding. Compared to a barium enema, the air contrast examination offers increased sensitivity for the detection of polyps and small masses.

H. pylori are spiral-shaped bacteria that grow in the gut and have a tendency to attack the stomach epithelial lining. H. pylori infections are usually harmless, but they’re responsible for the majority of ulcers in the stomach and small intestine. While infections with this strain of bacteria typically don’t cause symptoms, they can lead to diseases in some people, including peptic ulcers, and an inflammatory condition inside the stomach known as gastritis. Due to the spiral-shaped of H. pylori, it penetrates the stomach lining, where they are protected by mucus and your body’s immune cells are not able to reach them. The bacteria can interfere with your immune response and ensure that they’re not destroyed. This can lead to stomach problems.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the major types of inflammatory bowel disease. It is mainly to note that not only the Crohn's disease affect the intestine; it can also affect the buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach and the anus whereas ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum. Inflammatory bowel diseases belongs to the class of autoimmune diseases, in which the body’s own immune system attacks elements of the gastrointestinal system.

The pancreas is a gland which produces juices that help break down food and hormones and help control blood sugar levels. There are two forms of pancreatitis, which are differs in their causes and symptoms, and require different treatment. Acute pancreatitis is a rapid-onset inflammation of the pancreas, most frequently caused by alcoholism or gallstones. Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing inflammation of the pancreas. This occurs when digestive enzymes starts digesting the pancreas itself. Pancreatic cancer, Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder in which thick, sticky mucus may also block the tubes in pancreas.

Bariatric surgery is a weight loss surgery includes a variety of procedures performed to the people who have obesity. Weight loss is achieved by reducing the size of the stomach with a gastric band or through removal of a portion of the stomach (sleeve gastrectomy or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch) or by resecting and re-routing the small intestine to a small stomach pouches (gastric bypass surgery).

Gastroesophageal Reflux Malady or Gastroesophageal reflux disease - GERD, is a digestive turmoil that affects the lower oesophageal sphincter, the ring of muscle between the oesophagus and stomach. Many individuals experience the ill effects of indigestion or corrosive heartburn brought on by GERD Reflux intends to stream back or return. Along these lines, gastroesophageal reflux is the arrival of the stomach's substance move down into the throat. In typical processing, the lower oesophageal sphincter opens to enable sustenance to go into the stomach and closes to avoid nourishment and acidic stomach juices from streaming once more into the throat. Gastroesophageal reflux happens when the LES is feeble or unwinds improperly, enabling the stomach's substance to stream up into the oesophagus.

Endoscopy is an examination using a tube-like device with a light on the end. A camera at the end of the tube transmits the lighted image before the tube to a "TV" screen so the examiner can observe the inside of the upper alimentary tract as the tube advances. At the examiner’s end of the instrument, there are controls that direct the other end, pump air into the stomach, clear the view with water, or suck out unwanted content. The most common indications are dyspepsia (upper abdominal pain), persistent heartburn, acute bleeding from the upper git, and anaemia. The most common findings are stomach or duodenal ulcer or esophagitis (inflammation of the oesophagus).

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the only organ whose function is controlled by its own intrinsic enteric nervous system (ENS), but it is additionally regulated by extrinsic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) innervation. The GI nervous and immune systems are highly incorporated in their common goal, which is to unite digestive functions with protection from ingested environmental threats. This review discusses the physiological importance of enteric neuroimmune integration by summarizing the current knowledge of developmental pathways, cellular organization, and molecular mechanisms of neuroimmune interactions in health and ailments. Gut Immunology test verifies the immune response in the gut by measuring two biomarkers, calprotectin and eosinophil protein X (EPX). The normal and inflammated intestine contains many specific immune cells, including IgA-secreting plasma cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells and gdT cells.

Neurogastroenterology includes the study associated with brain, the alimentary canal, and their interactions with significance to the comprehension and management of gastrointestinal motility and functional GI disorders. Neurogastroenterology concentrates on the functions, malfunctions, and the malformations of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric divisions of the digestive tract.